Erroneous diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia

Patient

A 74-year-old man with a history of inferior myocardial infraction and 45% LVEF underwent implantation of a Reveal DX for the diagnosis of syncope preceded by palpitation. The ECG shows complete right bundle branch block and electrophysiologic studies reveal a HV interval at 63 ms. Programmed ventricular stimulation was unremarkable.



Trace

The device automatically recorded an event labelled FVT. The patient remained asymptomatic in the wake of the episode.
The recording was analysed by the cardiologist during a routine ambulatory visit.

  1. normal sinus rhythm;
  2. noise oversensing and ultra-short interval between ventricular electrograms (FS) and undersensing of the next true ventricular event with spurious appearance of a pause;
  3. major noise artefacts and sensing of ultra-rapid ventricular electrograms (FS). Noise is accurately diagnosed intermittently by the device (ultra-rapid VR: ignored); a VR label indicates oversensing in the ventricular refractory period. When multiple events are consecutively sensed in the refractory period, the interval is classified as noise. A VS annotation labels an event that ends a noisy episode;
  4. FD: sensing of an episode of FVT; sensing of noise is intermittent. While the device correctly labels some segments as noise, others are erroneously interpreted a ventricular arrhythmias;
  5. end of episode.

Comments

The recording and erroneous interpretation of multiple episodes of noise that saturate the device’s memory can be limited by the optimisation of the device’s position at the time of implantation, in order to record ventricular electrograms of high enough amplitude and without prominent cycle-to-cycle variations.
It is also important to a) create a pocket of small enough dimensions to prevent motion of the device, which may promote the oversensing of noisy signals, and b) program the device with a view to minimise oversensing of P and T wave, as well as the likelihood of double counting of the R wave.

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