Accurate discrimination of sinus tachycardia by a single chamber defibrillator

Patient

This 35-year-old man received a Lumos VR-T single chamber defibrillator for the management of episodes of sustained VT in the background of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An event report (yellow color) was issued in the context of classified SVT.

Main programmed settings

  • VF zone (280 ms limit), VT1 zone (400 ms limit)
  • 8/12 cycles in the VF zone and 26 cycles in the VT1 zone were needed for the diagnosis
  • Maximum sensitivity programmed at 0.8 mV
  • VF zone: 8 shocks of maximum strength (30 J); VT1 zone: 5 bursts of ATP, followed by 5 ramps of ATP, followed by a single 10-J shock, followed by 7 shocks of maximum strength
  • Effective discrimination in the VT zone (onset 20%, stability 24 ms)
  • Pacing mode: VVI at 40 bpm


Trace

Remote tracing

A very short EGM (Lumos defibrillator) was available, revealing a ventricular rhythm at the limit of the VT1 zone. In absence of sudden onset, the episode classification was SVT.

Programmer tracing

  1. gradual acceleration of the ventricular rhythm, initially to the limit of the VT1 zone;
  2. detection of episode of SVT in absence of sudden onset explained by the gradual acceleration of the tachycardia;
  3. shortest cycle = 359 ms;
  4. gradual slowing of the tachycardia to the limit of the VT1 zone.

Comments

This tracing shows an episode of sinus tachycardia accurately identified by the defibrillator in absence of sudden onset. The evolution of the heart rate is characteristic, with a gradual acceleration, followed by a gradual slowing at the end of exercise. In this young patient, the programming of the lower limit of the VT1 zone (150 bpm) was probably too low, as the acceleration of the sinus rate was in the range of rates reached during relatively vigorous exercise, despite properly prescribed treatment with a beta-adrenergic blocker. In these young patients, whose chronotropic function is preserved, the best discrimination probably consists of avoiding, whenever possible, the overlap between a) the zone of diagnosis and therapies and b) the zone of sinus acceleration. The heart rate during the episodes of sustained VT preceding the defibrillator implantation ranged between 180 and 200 bpm (the patient was already treated with the same doses of beta-adrenergic blocker). An increase in the lower limit of the VT1 zone to 160 bpm eliminated the overlap.

X