{"id":343,"date":"2025-07-14T14:40:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T14:40:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/?page_id=343"},"modified":"2026-06-30T14:36:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T14:36:25","slug":"sensors-for-frequency-control","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/fr\/pacing-defibrillation\/basic-concepts\/pacemaker\/sensors-for-frequency-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Asservissement de fr\u00e9quence"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"343\" class=\"elementor elementor-343\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da9c776 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da9c776\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4224f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b4224f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sensors for frequency control<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec83569 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec83569\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca9cc63 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ca9cc63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tContent\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ca9cc63\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ca9cc63\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ca9cc63\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a9df3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f6a9df3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5872534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5872534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General information<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1c8f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1c8f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b1fa44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b1fa44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Some patients present with chronotropic insufficiency, with a heart rate that does not adapt to changes in their physical activity. This inability to increase their heart rate on exertion may be associated with symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue or reduced exercise capacity.<\/p><p>To compensate for the inability to accelerate physiologically during exercise, modern pacemakers are equipped with sensors capable of recording an indicator of metabolic activity and accelerating the stimulation rate in response. The operation of a servo-controlled pacemaker adds a dynamic behavior to the pacing\/exhaust interval: the base frequency is variable according to the effort indication provided by a specific sensor. Programming a servo-control system is indicated for patients suffering from chronotropic insufficiency, the aim being to ensure the most physiological increase in frequency possible, corresponding to the level of metabolic needs imposed by the current effort.<\/p><p>A servo-controlled pacemaker is identified by the 4th letter of the international code (R): SSIR, DDDR, DDIR&#8230;<\/p><p>Each company has its own particularities in terms of sensor and servo programming. Several types of system have been developed since the 1970s, but only three are used in current devices, depending on the brand: measurement of physical activity using a piezoelectric quartz or an accelerometer, minute ventilation using the bio-impedance technique, and intracardiac impedance.<\/p><p>The quality criteria for a servo sensor are as follows:<\/p><ul><li>the information provided must be directly related to the sympathetic system or to the patient&#8217;s physical activity.<\/li><li>the relationship between the amplitude of the sensor signal and the level of effort must be linear.<\/li><li>the sensitivity of the sensor must be optimal for rapid system reactivity.<\/li><li>the range of variation of the parameter measured must be sufficiently wide to be specific.<\/li><li>the information provided must be reproducible.<\/li><li>the sensor must be as small as possible to be included in the stimulator without increasing its size, and have minimal power consumption.<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><p>The most important advantages of accelerometers are simplicity, reliability, low power consumption, use of traditional probes, excellent sensitivity at the start of effort, good correlation between physical performance and frequency acceleration, obtained under various conditions (walking, everyday effort). The response is also more physiological than with a piezoelectric sensor, as it is less sensitive to vibrations, with a better relationship to effort level. On the other hand, there is no acceleration under mental stress.<\/p><p>The specific advantages of minute ventilation and intracardiac impedance are the use of traditional (non-dedicated) probes, better reactivity than the accelerometer for mental stress and a good correlation between physical performance and frequency acceleration for average efforts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sensors for frequency control Content General information Some patients present with chronotropic insufficiency, with a heart rate that does not adapt to changes in their physical activity. This inability to increase their heart rate on exertion may be associated with symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue or reduced exercise capacity. To compensate for the inability to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pacemaker Sensors for Rate Control | Cardiocases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How pacemaker rate response sensors work \u2014 accelerometer, piezoelectric, minute ventilation &amp; programming.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/fr\/pacing-defibrillation\/basic-concepts\/pacemaker\/sensors-for-frequency-control\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pacemaker Sensors for Rate Control | Cardiocases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How pacemaker rate response sensors work \u2014 accelerometer, piezoelectric, minute ventilation &amp; 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