{"id":276,"date":"2025-07-10T10:23:41","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T10:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/?page_id=276"},"modified":"2026-01-07T09:42:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T09:42:53","slug":"ventricular-refractory-periods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/fr\/pacing-defibrillation\/basic-concepts\/pacemaker\/ventricular-refractory-periods\/","title":{"rendered":"Les p\u00e9riodes r\u00e9fractaires ventriculaires"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"276\" class=\"elementor elementor-276\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db144b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1db144b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad20b15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad20b15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ventricular refractory periods<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe55f5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"8fe55f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tContent\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8fe55f5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Ouvrir la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__8fe55f5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Fermer la table des mati\u00e8res\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__8fe55f5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a2e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95a2e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General information<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7bda30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7bda30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Any event detected or stimulated in the ventricle triggers a ventricular blanking period.<\/p><p>This ventricular refractory period (VRP) is designed to prevent double counting of the R wave and\/or detection of the T wave.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4866719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4866719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial stimulation<\/h6><p>This programmable ventricular blanking period is triggered after an atrial stimulus.<\/p><p>This period is designed to avoid detection of the atrial stimulus by the ventricular sensing chain, which would lead to ventricular inhibition.<\/p><p>The ventricular blanking period following atrial stimulation is programmable (depending on the company) when the stimulator is operating in DDD, DDI and DVI modes.<\/p><p>A ventricular signal occurring during ventricular blanking after atrial pacing is not detected with ventricular pacing at the end of the programmed AV delay.<\/p><p>This blanking is usually programmed to be relatively short (between 20 and 40 ms).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d941d26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d941d26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgyNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"589\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6824\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3.png 589w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_3-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08d2264 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08d2264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>The safety window<\/h6><p>The safety window is a ventricular detection period complementary to post-atrial ventricular blanking. It is activated (depending on the manufacturer) only after atrial stimulation and is designed to prevent ventricular asystole due to inappropriate inhibition of ventricular stimulation by stimulus detection or atrial depolarization.<\/p><p>The function is available when the stimulator is operating in DDD, DDI and DVI modes.<\/p><p>Ventricular detection within a manufacturer-variable delay after atrial pacing is considered non-physiological and results in ventricular pacing at the end of the safety window.<\/p><p>The appearance of a short AV delay means that safety window pacing can be recognized on the electrocardiogram.<\/p><p>If the event detected in the safety window is the result of cross-tapping or over-detected noise, the pacing pulse enables effective ventricular capture at the end of the safety window.<\/p><p>If the event detected in the safety window corresponds to late ventricular extrasystole or atrio-ventricular conduction, pacing at the end of the safety window occurs early enough in the absolute myocardial ventricular refractory period to avoid pacing on the peak of the T wave.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9e8b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd9e8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgyMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfNC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6823\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4.png 694w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_4-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27aca67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27aca67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Brand specific information<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da438f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da438f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Blanking and the post-ventricular ventricular refractory periods<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0af30b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0af30b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abbott<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-063296c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"063296c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After ventricular stimulation, there is a programmable ventricular refractory period (between 125 and 470 ms, nominal value 250 ms).<\/p><p>Similarly, there is a programmable post-detection ventricular refractory period (between 125 and 500 ms, nominal value 250 ms).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99a15d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99a15d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biotronik<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1310569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1310569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Any event detected (Vs or extrasystole) or stimulated in the ventricle triggers a programmable ventricular refractory period (VRP).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be4648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7be4648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgyMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6822\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1.png 542w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1-300x241.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe7ff53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe7ff53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boston Scientific<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaff93a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eaff93a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After ventricular detection: any event detected in the ventricle triggers a 135 ms ventricular refractory period broken down into a 50 ms absolute refractory period, a 40 ms noise window and a 45 ms absolute refractory period.<\/p><p>After ventricular stimulation: a stimulated event in the ventricle triggers a ventricular refractory period broken down into a fixed refractory period followed by a 40 ms noise window. This parameter can be set to dynamic (decrease in fixed refractory period in relation to an increase in heart rate).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30052a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30052a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medtronic<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e5d78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75e5d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>On older pacemakers (up to Adapta)<\/h6><p>Any event detected or stimulated in the ventricle triggers an absolute, non-programmable blanking period. The actual duration of this blanking period is determined dynamically by the stimulator, depending on signal amplitude and duration (50 to 100 ms). Each event detected or stimulated in the ventricle also triggers a relative refractory period. This is programmable (150 to 500 ms; 230 ms nominal).<\/p><h6>On more recent stimulators (Ensura, Advisa and others)<\/h6><p>There is programmable ventricular blanking after ventricular pacing (150 to 320 ms; 200 ms nominal) and ventricular blanking after ventricular detection (120 to 320 ms; 120 ms nominal).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab9fc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eab9fc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Microport<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525946f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"525946f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Following ventricular detection, a refractory period of 100 ms is triggered at the ventricular stage. The first 50 ms is an absolute refractory period, and the following 50 ms can be automatically retriggered. The value of this period is not programmable.<\/p><p>Following ventricular pacing, a refractory period of 150 ms is triggered at the ventricular stage. The first 100 ms is an absolute refractory period, and the following 50 ms can be automatically retriggered. The value of this period is not programmable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc743ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc743ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgyMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMi5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6821\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2.png 692w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554cb4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"554cb4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Post-stimulation ventricular refractory periods<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66527e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66527e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing is not programmable for Medtronic and Microport CRM-Sorin pacemakers.<\/li><li>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing is programmable for Biotronik, Boston Scientific and Abbott pacemakers.<\/li><li>There is no safety window on Boston Scientific pacemakers (protection provided by a retriggerable noise window: if detected in the noise window, no inhibition and pacing at the end of the programmed AV delay).<\/li><li>The safety window is short for Abbott pacemakers (64 ms after atrial pacing, but if detection within this window, pacing after 120 ms).<\/li><li>The safety window lasts between 95 and 110 ms for Biotronik (100 ms), Medtronic (110 ms) and Microport CRM-Sorin (95 ms) pacemakers, with pacing at the end of the window if detected.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a4c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4a4c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abbott<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8970834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8970834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing<\/h6><p>This blanking is programmable to AUTO (from the Accent platform in nominal value) or to a fixed value between 12 and 52 ms. When AUTO is selected, if a ventricular signal is detected during blanking, blanking is automatically extended until no signal is detected, or until the 52 ms limit is reached.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e678b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e678b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxNiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfOS0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"539\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6816\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9-1.png 539w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9-1-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_9-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08946fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08946fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Safety ventricular pacing<\/h6><p>The safety window can be programmed on or off (nominal value on). If a ventricular signal is detected within the safety window (starting after ventricular blanking post atrial pacing and ending 64 ms after atrial pacing), ventricular pacing is triggered 120 ms after atrial pacing.<\/p><p>If ventricular blanking after atrial stimulation is set to \u201cAuto\u201d:<\/p><ul><li>if a ventricular signal is detected during the initial 12 ms blanking (possible cross-listening), further retriggerable 12 ms blanking periods follow until detection stops, without exceeding a limit set at 52 ms;<\/li><li>if ventricular detection ends before this 52 ms limit, the cross-listening window is interrupted; if ventricular detection occurs before the end of the AV delay, ventricular pacing is inhibited; if no detection occurs, ventricular pacing occurs at the end of the AV delay;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a103e9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a103e9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMTAtMS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"555\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6815\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10-1.png 555w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10-1-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_10-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8ea7d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8ea7d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>if ventricular detection continues beyond this 52 ms limit (start of the safety window), ventricular pacing is delivered 120 ms after atrial pacing;<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a931398 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a931398\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMTEtMS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"555\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6814\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11-1.png 555w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11-1-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_11-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d786bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d786bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biotronik<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c96983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c96983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial stimulation<\/h6><p>This blanking is programmable between 30 and 70 ms (nominal value 30 ms).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6afc8c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6afc8c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgyMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfNS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"466\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6820\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5.png 466w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_5-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-793122f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"793122f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>The safety window<\/h6><p>After atrial pacing and the ventricular blanking period (programmable between 30 and 70 ms), the non-programmable safety window begins (lasting from the end of ventricular blanking to 100 ms after atrial pacing). Ventricular detection within this safety window triggers ventricular pacing at the end of the window (100 ms after atrial pacing).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f000a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f000a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boston Scientific<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acb372f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acb372f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing<\/h6><p>This blanking is programmable between 45 and 85 ms (nominal value 65 ms, with the last 40 milliseconds being the noise window).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5010045 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5010045\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfNi0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"332\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6819\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6-1.png 332w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6-1-300x98.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_6-1-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c5681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18c5681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Safety window and noise window<\/h6><p>There is no safety window on Boston Scientific pacemakers.<\/p><p>There is, however, a noise window which constitutes a portion of the various blankings or refractory periods. When a signal falls within the noise window, it is not used for detection and does not recycle the escape intervals.<\/p><p>If the signal is detected continuously, this noise window is systematically retriggered (re-triggered) for as long as the signal is present (or until the next stimulation).<\/p><p>This blanking is programmable between 45 and 85 ms (nominal value 65 ms, the last 40 milliseconds being the noise window).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf6d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7cf6d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfNy0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6818\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7-1.png 671w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7-1-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_7-1-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae46df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aae46df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medtronic<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa98c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa98c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing<\/h6><p>This blanking is non-programmable (30 ms for bipolar atrial pacing and 40 ms for unipolar pacing).<\/p><h6>The safety window<\/h6><p>Ventricular detection within 110 ms of pacing triggers ventricular pacing at 110 ms or at the end of the paced AV delay, if less than 110 ms.<\/p><p>The 2 annotations VP and VS appear on the real-time rhythm monitor, on frozen tracings and on printed frozen tracings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e7657f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e7657f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfOC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"304\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6817\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8.png 505w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_8-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e87d2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e87d2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Microport<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf92f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdf92f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Ventricular blanking after atrial pacing<\/h6><p>Following atrial pacing, an absolute refractory period of 30 ms is triggered at the ventricular stage. The first 15 ms are an absolute refractory period, and the following 15 ms are automatically retriggered in the event of detection. The value of this period is not programmable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e541a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e541a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjgxMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NhcmRpb2Nhc2VzLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNlwvMDFcL3BtXzE5X3NpdHVhdGlvbnNfcGVyaW9kZXNfcmVmcmFjdGFpcmVzX3ZfMTIucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"438\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6813\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12.png 438w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12-300x279.png 300w, https:\/\/cardiocases.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pm_19_situations_periodes_refractaires_v_12-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a38db8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a38db8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>The safety window<\/h6><p>Following atrial pacing, a relative refractory period of 95 ms is triggered at the ventricular stage. The value of this period is not programmable. It becomes effective only after the end of ventricular blanking after atrial stimulation. If ventricular detection occurs between the end of blanking (ventricular post atrial pacing) and the end of the safety window, ventricular pacing is delivered at the end of the safety window.<\/p><p>When the SafeR dual-chamber pacing mode is programmed and operates in \u201cAAI\u201d (more precisely, in ADI), the refractory periods are those of a dual-chamber pacemaker. Ventricular detections of AV cross-talk or PVC in the safety window may occur. There will be no ventricular pacing at the end of the safety window. In this situation, the SafeR algorithm considers these safety-window detections as blocked A-stimulations (switching to DDD based on AVB III criteria). SafeR mode is explained in detail on the Microport webpage <a href=\"\/pacing-modes-microport\">Pacing modes<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ventricular refractory periods Content General information Any event detected or stimulated in the ventricle triggers a ventricular blanking period. This ventricular refractory period (VRP) is designed to prevent double counting of the R wave and\/or detection of the T wave. Ventricular blanking after atrial stimulation This programmable ventricular blanking period is triggered after an atrial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pacemaker Ventricular Refractory Periods | Cardiocases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pacemaker ventricular refractory periods \u2014 VRP, PVARP, cross-talk prevention &amp; ECG tracings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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